In the Province of Puntarenas, just a couple of kilometers off the Interamericana Highway, between the cities of San Isidro de El General and Palmar Sur, the town of Buenos Aires is located. In pre-Colombian times the area around Buenos Aires was inhabited by the indigenous tribes of the Borucas. That they occupied a vast region has been proved by the discovery of many cemeteries. In the year 1563 the Spanish conqueror Juan Vazquez de Coronado fought a ferocious campaign against the Coto tribes on the Caribbean side of the Talamanca mountains and worked his way to the Buenos Aires region. In 1700 the Franciscan monks founded a missionary town amidst the indigenous population in the Talamanca mountains. It took till 1868 that the Costa Rican government issued a contract to Don Pedro Calderon to open up the area by constructing trails connecting to the existing roads to Panama. In 1870 he settled with his family and founded the town of Buenos Aires. Twenty years later the town of Buenos Aires had only 170 inhabitants. The real growth of the town began in 1960 when the Interamericana Highway between San Isidro de El General and Buenos Aires was completed and many people coming from the Central Valley settled in Buenos Aires. Despite the invasion of these ‘foreigners’ the Indigenous tribe of the Borucas remains present in the territory of Rey Curre, more than 10,000 hectares wide on both banks of the Rio Grande de Terraba. Around 1,000 Boruca Indians live there from agriculture, cultivating rice, beans, corn, plantains and fruits. When visiting the region of Buenos Aires it is certainly worthwhile to visit the Borucas and experience their simple lifestyle which is in complete harmony with nature. Their culture preserved from pre-Colombian times is still alive today and their magnificent masks and textiles are sold to tourists to generate a small income for the tribe. Already being pushed back by non-Indigenous landowners who own more than 80 percent of the land in the Buenos Aires region, the Indigenous tribe of the Borucas are confronted with another threat in the form a an energy project. Since the 1970’s plans have been in discussion to build dams to generate hydro-electric energy. The initial plans projected a devastating impact for more than 7 Indigenous reserves that have to be relocated completely from the Buenos Aires region. Protests emerged and new studies of the environmental impact delayed the project for decades, but never took it off the agenda. So up till this day the Boruca Indians of Buenas Aires live in uncertainty.